History and evolution of the Internet Part I

Today, the Internet has become an integral part of our lives. In fact, it is difficult to name a technology that has left so great an impact on modern life. Apart from the fact that the internet is a mine of information, a platform for sustainable development of a means of social interaction, what is really striking about it is its global reach, and this is why the Internet has emerged today the main platform for businesses, academia and the pleasure - regardless of location. It is a compendium of a variety of technologies - combining the functions of the telegraph, the telephone with the radio and computer.

The form in which most individuals are accessed today - the World Wide Web - is the result of a concerted effort to bring together the continuous investments, path breaking research and development of the infrastructure involved. What began as an experiment in military communications technology has become a means of information gathering and dissemination overall. The story involves three main aspects of the internet - technology, organization and infrastructure of the community's role in training its current form. Furthermore, we must keep in mind that the evolution of the Internet was the result of the government, academia and industry to work together.

The story begins in 1957. This was the year when the former Soviet Union launched the satellite Sputnik, stealing a march over to the U.S. wars in space. Driven by this defeat, the Ministry of Defense created the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). While the main function of this agency was to provide state of the art defense technology, it also became the focal point for the search of computers in the United States. And 'here that the first computer network of this type would be developed. The need for such a communication network has been determined by the fact that from the beginning, ARPA was interested in developing a communication interface between computers on its base of operations and those at the sites of its various subcontractors din find many academic institutions and top research laboratories.

In August 1962, JCR Licklider circulated a series of memos discussing the possibility of constructing a 'Galactic Network'. He envisioned this as a global network consisting of interconnected computers through which everyone would be able to access data from anywhere in the world. This was the first time that the possibility of such a network has been postulated in the scientific community. Licklider was the first head of the computer research program at ARPA and was therefore particularly influential in directing his research. At the same time, another scientist in the ARPA was developed another technology that subsequently form an integral part of the Internet network.

This scientist was Leonard Kleinrock and he has been involved in the development of 'packet switching'. This is the method of sending information through breaking down the message intended in 'packets'. 'Packages' These individuals are sent separately, and the computer at the other end reassembles them to form the complete message. The main advantage of this method is that it increases the flexibility of the network and increase its ability to handle the traffic. In addition, this was a safer process of sending data as it makes it difficult espionage together with the fact that it eliminates the need to rely on a single router.

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